Regulation

What EU product regulation applies, and to whom?

The passport duty sits on the economic operator placing the product on the EU market. For most brands that is the manufacturer, whether or not they own a factory. That single answer decides most of the rest.

What applies now is narrower than the noise suggests. The ESPR is the framework and product-specific measures are what turn it into a field list, so for most categories there is no adopted passport requirement yet. Batteries is the exception and applies from 18 February 2027. Detergents follows on 23 September 2029 and toys on 1 August 2030.

Around those sit obligations that are already live and are not passports: the unsold apparel and footwear destruction ban from 19 July 2026, PPWR from 12 August 2026, national right to repair measures from 31 July 2026, environmental claims rules from 27 September 2026 and EUDR from 30 December 2026.

Directives need a country layer. Right to Repair and Directive (EU) 2024/825 cannot be implemented from an EU summary, because the operative text is the national one.

These thirty-nine pages carry the dates, the scope tests and the registration steps, each with its primary source and the date it was last checked.