{
 "url": "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/guides/connected-product-business-models-who-pays",
 "title": "Who Pays for a Connected Product? The Economics of Identity and Data",
 "description": "Connected products create costs and benefits across different actors. Use payer-beneficiary alignment to choose subscription, usage or shared-cost models.",
 "territory": "impl",
 "category": null,
 "direct_answer": "Price a connected-product system around the actor that captures observable value and controls the relevant decision. Where the beneficiary, decision-maker and cost owner are different organisations, design the cost-sharing explicitly rather than assuming the manufacturer should pay for every layer.",
 "last_verified": "2026-09-04",
 "verified_label": "Last verified",
 "datePublished": "2026-09-04",
 "dateModified": "2026-09-04",
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   "celex": "32024R1781",
   "name": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1781, ESPR",
   "legislationDate": "2024-06-13"
  }
 ],
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  {
   "url": "https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/news/digital-product-passport-registry-now-live-2026-07-20_en",
   "name": "The Digital Product Passport Registry is now live, European Commission DG GROW"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.gs1.org/standards/resolver",
   "name": "GS1 Resolver service"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://cirpassproject.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/CIRPASS-A-study-on-DPP-costs-and-benefits-for-SMEs-v1.0-1.pdf",
   "name": "A study on DPP costs and benefits for SMEs, CIRPASS"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://sell.amazon.com/brand-registry/transparency",
   "name": "Amazon Transparency"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://trustworthyshopping.aboutamazon.com/2025-trustworthy-shopping-experience-report",
   "name": "2025 Trustworthy Shopping Experience Report, Amazon"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.minespider.com/platform",
   "name": "Minespider Traceability Platform pricing"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://dpp-tool.com/en/pricing/",
   "name": "DPP-Tool Pricing"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://piconext.com/en-US/pricing/",
   "name": "PicoNext Digital Product Passport Pricing"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/platform/pricing/",
   "name": "Cloudflare Workers Pricing"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/lambda/pricing/",
   "name": "AWS Lambda Pricing, Amazon Web Services"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.decathlon-united.media/media/decathlon-rfid-2021",
   "name": "Decathlon RFID, Decathlon United"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.decathlon-united.media/pressfiles/2025results",
   "name": "Decathlon 2025 results, Decathlon United"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1438231/000143774926007793/dmrc20251231_10k.htm",
   "name": "Digimarc Corporation 2025 Form 10-K, Digimarc / SEC"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1438231/000143774926007759/ex_895331.htm",
   "name": "Digimarc 2025 financial results, Digimarc / SEC exhibit"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1114995/000119312526042813/pi-20251231.htm",
   "name": "Impinj 2025 Form 10-K, Impinj / SEC"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.nxp.com/products/rfid-nfc/nfc-hf/ntag-for-tags-and-labels/ntag-424-dna-424-dna-tagtamper-advanced-security-and-privacy-for-trusted-iot-applications%3ANTAG424DNA",
   "name": "NTAG 424 DNA product page, NXP Semiconductors"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.st.com/en/nfc/st25ta-eb.html",
   "name": "ST25TA-EB product page, STMicroelectronics"
  },
  {
   "url": "https://www.find-tender.service.gov.uk/Notice/041264-2025",
   "name": "Digital Product Passport (DPP) - Find a Tender Notice 041264-2025, UK Find a Tender / University of Sheffield"
  }
 ],
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  "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary#access-rights",
  "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary#digital-product-passport",
  "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary#dpp-registry",
  "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary#economic-operator",
  "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary#erp",
  "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary#espr",
  "https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary#gs1",
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