# Knowledge Terminology Glossary

Source: https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/glossary
Last verified: 3 September 2026
Summary: Every term used across ActivateDigital Knowledge, defined once and linked to the canonical page that owns it. Digital Product Passport, ESPR, Registry, standards, identity, data-carrier and freshness terminology.

Every term used across ActivateDigital Knowledge, defined once, with the canonical page that owns each one. A reference to look a term up in, not an article to read through. It is deliberately **one page, not 83 thin pages**. Definitions here are short. The linked canonical Knowledge page owns the deeper explanation, examples and edge cases. Where the law, standards or source version changes the meaning, the glossary entry should move with that source.

## Quick index

**A** Access rights · Adopted · Applies

**B** Book-and-claim

**C** Carbon footprint · CBAM · CE marking · CELEX · CEN-CENELEC JTC 24 · Chain of custody · CIRPASS · CLP · Conformity assessment · CPR · CRA · CRMA

**D** Data carrier · Delegated act · Digital Product Passport · DPP Registry · DPP service provider · Due diligence

**E** ECHA · Economic operator · Empowering Consumers Directive · EPCIS · EPR · EPREL · ERP · ESPR · EUDR · Evidence portability

**G** GDPR · GPSR · Granularity · Green Claims Directive · GS1 · GS1 Application Identifier · GS1 DataMatrix · GS1 Digital Link · GTIN

**H** Harmonised standard

**I** Implementing act · In force · Indicative timeline · Item-level identity

**J** JRC

**L** Last verified · Legitimate interest

**M** Making available on the market · Market surveillance · Mass balance · MDR

**N** NFC

**O** Official Journal citation

**P** PIM · Placing on the market · PLM · PPWR · Presumption of conformity · Primary source · Proof of registration · Provenance

**Q** QR code

**R** REACH · RED · Resolver · Right to repair

**S** SCIP · SDS · Serialisation · SKU · Source version · Supply-chain mapping · System of record

**T** Traceability

**U** Unique Product Identifier · Unique Registration Identifier · UOI · URI

**V** Visibility

**W** WEEE · What would change this page

## Access rights

**Also used as:** public/restricted access; role-based access **Source family:** Product-specific DPP law / standards

Rules determining which actors may access which DPP data.

**Context:** The exact rights depend on the applicable product legislation and technical implementation.

**Common confusion:** Assuming all DPP fields are public.

**Related:** Legitimate interest · GDPR

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [Which Battery Passport Data Is Public, Restricted or Limited to Legitimate-Interest Users?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/batteries/access-rights)

## Adopted

**Also used as:** adoption **Source family:** EU legal status

The institution has formally adopted the act.

**Context:** Adoption is distinct from publication, entry into force and application.

**Common confusion:** Using adopted, in force and applies as synonyms.

**Related:** In force · Applies · Delegated act

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/) **Full answer:** [How a DPP Requirement Moves from EU Planning to an Applicable Product Rule](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-dpp-requirements-take-effect)

## Applies

**Also used as:** application date; applicable from **Source family:** EU legal status

The date from which specified provisions or obligations are to be applied.

**Context:** Check the exact article, product scope and transitional provisions.

**Common confusion:** Confusing application with adoption or planning dates.

**Related:** Adopted · In force

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/) **Full answer:** [How a DPP Requirement Moves from EU Planning to an Applicable Product Rule](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-dpp-requirements-take-effect)

## Book-and-claim

**Source family:** Certification and evidence

A chain-of-custody model in which a specified characteristic or benefit can be accounted for and transferred through a governed claim system separately from the physical flow of the material or product. It does not establish that the claimed physical material travelled into a particular item.

**Primary/official source:** [https://www.iso.org/standard/84426.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/84426.html)

## Carbon footprint

**Source family:** Environmental evidence

A calculated figure for the greenhouse gas emissions attributed to a product, which depends entirely on the method and boundary used.

**Context:** Two figures for the same product are not comparable unless the method and boundary match.

**Common confusion:** Comparing footprints calculated under different rules.

**Related:** CBAM

**Full answer:** [Carbon, Water and Environmental Data in a Textile DPP](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/evidence/environmental-figures)

## CBAM

**Also used as:** Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism **Source family:** EU law

The EU mechanism that puts a carbon price on certain imported goods, with its own reporting and declarant duties.

**Context:** CBAM covers a defined list of goods, not the whole import book.

**Common confusion:** Reading CBAM data as a product carbon footprint.

**Related:** Carbon footprint

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/)

## CE marking

**Source family:** EU product law **Source status:** definition withheld, primary source not yet confirmed

ActivateDigital has not yet confirmed a primary source for this term, so no definition is published for it here. This entry will carry one when the source is confirmed.

**Related:** Conformity assessment · Presumption of conformity

**Full answer:** [Can a Digital Product Passport Replace Labels, Manuals or CE Marking?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/guides/can-dpp-replace-labels-manuals-ce-marking)

## CELEX

**Also used as:** CELEX number **Source family:** EU legal citation

The stable identifier EUR-Lex gives to a legal document, used to cite an exact text rather than a landing page.

**Context:** A CELEX number pins the document. It does not pin the consolidated version date.

**Related:** Primary source · Source version

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/) **Full answer:** [How ActivateDigital Determines DPP Regulatory Status and Uses Sources](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/methodology)

## CEN-CENELEC JTC 24

**Also used as:** JTC 24 **Source family:** European standardisation

The joint European technical committee that developed the horizontal DPP standards set requested by the Commission.

**Context:** Standards-body output is distinct from EU legal acts and OJ citation.

**Common confusion:** Treating JTC 24 statements as binding law.

**Related:** Harmonised standard

**Primary/official source:** [https://www.cencenelec.eu/news-events/news/2026/en-in-the-spotlight/2026-07-15-dpp/](https://www.cencenelec.eu/news-events/news/2026/en-in-the-spotlight/2026-07-15-dpp/) **Full answer:** [Which Digital Product Passport standards carry a presumption of conformity?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/status/standards)

## Chain of custody

**Source family:** Certification and evidence

The rules, records and controls used to connect a specified characteristic or claim about inputs to outputs as materials or products move, mix or transform through a supply chain. A chain-of-custody system can support a claim but does not, by existing, prove the underlying characteristic.

**Context:** Chain of custody models differ by scheme, and the model decides what a claim can say.

**Common confusion:** Treating a mass-balance claim as physical traceability.

**Related:** Traceability

**Primary/official source:** [https://www.iso.org/standard/72532.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/72532.html)

## CIRPASS

**Source family:** EU-funded project **Source status:** definition withheld, primary source not yet confirmed

ActivateDigital has not yet confirmed a primary source for this term, so no definition is published for it here. This entry will carry one when the source is confirmed.

**Related:** Digital Product Passport

## CLP

**Also used as:** Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation on classifying, labelling and packaging substances and mixtures.

**Context:** CLP drives hazard labelling, which is a different duty from passport content.

**Common confusion:** Expecting hazard labels to move into a passport automatically.

**Related:** REACH · SDS

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/1272/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/1272/oj)

## Conformity assessment

**Source family:** EU product law **Source status:** definition withheld, primary source not yet confirmed

ActivateDigital has not yet confirmed a primary source for this term, so no definition is published for it here. This entry will carry one when the source is confirmed.

**Related:** Presumption of conformity · CE marking · Market surveillance

**Full answer:** [Who Checks DPP Information? Registry, Conformity and Market Surveillance](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/evidence/who-checks-dpp-information)

## CPR

**Also used as:** Construction Products Regulation **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation for construction products, which carries its own product passport provisions.

**Context:** Construction products have a passport route of their own, separate from the ESPR one.

**Common confusion:** Assuming the ESPR passport rules cover construction products.

**Related:** ESPR · Digital Product Passport

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/3110/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/3110/oj) **Full answer:** [Construction Product Digital Product Passport Requirements](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/construction-products)

## CRA

**Also used as:** Cyber Resilience Act **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation setting cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements.

**Common confusion:** Reading CRA as a corporate reporting acronym.

**Related:** RED

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj/eng](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj/eng) **Full answer:** [Connected Toys: Toy, Radio Product, Cyber Product or Several at Once?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/connected-toy-regulatory-classification)

## CRMA

**Also used as:** Critical Raw Materials Act **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation on critical raw materials, which sets data and circularity duties for certain components.

**Related:** Data carrier

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1252/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1252/oj) **Full answer:** [Critical Raw Materials Act: Permanent-Magnet Data Carriers and Passport Reuse](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/permanent-magnets)

## Data carrier

**Also used as:** 2D carrier **Source family:** ESPR / product-specific rule

The machine-readable carrier through which the DPP can be accessed.

**Context:** The permitted carrier and placement can be product-specific.

**Common confusion:** Treating QR as universally mandatory.

**Related:** QR code · GS1 DataMatrix · NFC

**Primary/official source:** [https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport/explore-our-faqs_en](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport/explore-our-faqs_en) **Full answer:** [2D Product Identity Map: QR Code vs GS1 DataMatrix vs GS1 Digital Link](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/passport/2d-product-identity-map)

## Delegated act

**Also used as:** DA **Source family:** EU law

A Commission act that supplements or amends non-essential elements of a legislative act where the legislature has delegated that power.

**Context:** Use the specific legal basis and adopted text for each product group.

**Common confusion:** Confusing an announced adoption year with an adopted delegated act or compliance date.

**Related:** Implementing act · ESPR · Indicative timeline

**Primary/official source:** [https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/adopting-eu-law/implementing-and-delegated-acts_en](https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/adopting-eu-law/implementing-and-delegated-acts_en) **Full answer:** [How a DPP Requirement Moves from EU Planning to an Applicable Product Rule](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-dpp-requirements-take-effect)

## Digital Product Passport

**Also used as:** DPP **Source family:** ESPR / product-specific law

A set of product-specific data made electronically accessible through a data carrier under the applicable DPP rules.

**Context:** Exact contents, granularity, access and application date depend on the applicable legal act.

**Common confusion:** Treating one generic DPP data list as universal.

**Related:** ESPR · DPP Registry · Data carrier · Unique Product Identifier

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [Digital Product Passport Requirements by Product Category](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport)

## DPP Registry

**Also used as:** EU Digital Product Passport Registry **Source family:** ESPR + Implementing Regulation 2026/1778

The EU registry that stores required DPP registration information, including at least unique identifiers, under the applicable rules.

**Context:** It is not the same thing as the complete decentralised passport dataset.

**Common confusion:** Calling it the central database containing the full product passport.

**Related:** Unique Registration Identifier · Proof of registration · Digital Product Passport

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2026/1778/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2026/1778/oj) **Full answer:** [The EU DPP Registry: what it stores and where passport data lives](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/where-passport-data-lives)

## DPP service provider

**Also used as:** service provider; third-party DPP provider **Source family:** ESPR / future delegated act / standards

A provider that performs DPP-related services under the legal and technical framework.

**Context:** Specific provider requirements can depend on future delegated rules.

**Common confusion:** Treating current vendor practice as the final legal provider regime.

**Related:** DPP Registry

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [DPP Service Providers: What the Law Actually Requires](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/passport/service-providers)

## Due diligence

**Source family:** EU law

The documented checks a company has to carry out on its supply chain before it can place certain products on the market.

**Related:** EUDR · Chain of custody

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1115](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1115) **Full answer:** [EUDR: Dates, Geolocation Data and What Product Teams Actually Need](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/eudr)

## ECHA

**Also used as:** European Chemicals Agency **Source family:** EU agency

The EU agency that runs the chemicals regimes, including the Candidate List and the SCIP database.

**Context:** ECHA operates the systems. The obligations themselves come from the underlying law.

**Common confusion:** Treating ECHA guidance as the legal text.

**Related:** SCIP · REACH

**Primary/official source:** [https://echa.europa.eu/scip-database](https://echa.europa.eu/scip-database)

## Economic operator

**Also used as:** manufacturer; importer; authorised representative where applicable **Source family:** EU product law

A legally defined market actor with obligations under the applicable EU product legislation.

**Context:** Which role carries the DPP duty depends on the applicable act and supply-chain position.

**Common confusion:** Assuming "brand" or "seller" always means the responsible economic operator.

**Related:** Placing on the market · Making available on the market · UOI

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [Who Needs a Digital Product Passport?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/who-carries-the-obligation)

## Empowering Consumers Directive

**Also used as:** Directive (EU) 2024/825 **Source family:** EU law

The EU directive on empowering consumers for the green transition, which restricts generic environmental claims.

**Common confusion:** Confusing it with the Green Claims Directive, which is a separate proposal.

**Related:** Green Claims Directive

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj) **Full answer:** [What Environmental Claims Can You Still Make in the EU from 27 September 2026?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/eu-environmental-claims-27-september-2026)

## EPCIS

**Also used as:** Electronic Product Code Information Services; EPCIS events **Source family:** GS1 standard **Current version:** 2.0.1

A GS1 standard for recording and sharing supply-chain events, covering what happened to which object, when, where and why.

**Context:** Event data answers what happened. It does not replace the product master data that says what the product is.

**Common confusion:** Treating an event log as the passport dataset.

**Related:** Traceability · GS1 Digital Link · GTIN

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/epcis/2.0.1/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/epcis/2.0.1/) **Full answer:** [What Do EPCIS Events Add to Product Master Data?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/product-data/epcis-events-vs-product-master-data)

## EPR

**Also used as:** Extended producer responsibility **Source family:** EU law

A scheme that makes the producer responsible, usually through fees and registration, for a product after it is sold.

**Context:** EPR is set up nationally, so registration and fees differ by member state.

**Common confusion:** Expecting one EU registration and one EU fee.

**Related:** WEEE · PPWR

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2025/1892/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2025/1892/oj) **Full answer:** [EU Textile EPR: Dates, Registration and the Product Data Behind Producer Fees](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/textile-epr)

## EPREL

**Also used as:** European Product Registry for Energy Labelling **Source family:** EU product-data system

The EU registry used for products subject to energy-labelling/ecodesign registration requirements.

**Context:** It is a separate system from the DPP Registry, though reuse/interoperability questions can arise.

**Common confusion:** Assuming a DPP automatically replaces EPREL.

**Related:** Digital Product Passport · DPP Registry

**Primary/official source:** [https://energy-efficient-products.ec.europa.eu/eprel_en](https://energy-efficient-products.ec.europa.eu/eprel_en) **Full answer:** [DPP vs EPREL: Does EPREL Replace, Feed or Sit Alongside a Passport?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/dpp-vs-eprel)

## ERP

**Also used as:** Enterprise Resource Planning **Source family:** Product data systems

The system that runs commercial and operational transactions, and usually holds the authoritative commercial product record.

**Related:** PIM · PLM · System of record

**Full answer:** [Which System Should Own Each Product Fact?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/product-data/which-system-owns-each-fact)

## ESPR

**Also used as:** Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation; Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 **Source family:** EU law

EU framework regulation for ecodesign requirements across product groups, including the DPP framework.

**Context:** It is a framework; product-specific obligations are set through applicable rules.

**Common confusion:** "ESPR applies" is not the same as "this product already needs a DPP".

**Related:** Digital Product Passport · Delegated act · Implementing act

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [How a DPP Requirement Moves from EU Planning to an Applicable Product Rule](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-dpp-requirements-take-effect)

## EUDR

**Also used as:** EU Deforestation Regulation **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation on deforestation-free products, which requires geolocation data and a due diligence statement for covered commodities.

**Context:** EUDR data is plot-level geolocation, which most product catalogues do not hold.

**Common confusion:** Assuming supplier declarations satisfy the geolocation requirement.

**Related:** Due diligence · Chain of custody

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1115](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1115) **Full answer:** [EUDR: Dates, Geolocation Data and What Product Teams Actually Need](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/eudr)

## Evidence portability

**Source family:** ActivateDigital editorial governance

The ability for evidence to be reused safely by another organisation because the supported fact travels with enough context to understand its subject, scope, source, version or date and binding identifiers.

## GDPR

**Also used as:** General Data Protection Regulation **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation governing personal data, which applies wherever passport or scan data identifies a person.

**Context:** Product data is not personal data, but repair records, ownership and scan logs can be.

**Common confusion:** Assuming a product passport is outside data protection law.

**Related:** Legitimate interest · Access rights

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504) **Full answer:** [Digital Product Passports and Personal Data: Where GDPR May Apply](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/passport/personal-data-and-gdpr)

## GPSR

**Also used as:** General Product Safety Regulation **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation setting general safety duties and the product information an online listing has to show.

**Context:** GPSR duties apply now and are independent of any passport requirement.

**Common confusion:** Treating safety information duties as passport fields.

**Related:** Market surveillance · Economic operator

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj) **Full answer:** [What Product Information Must an EU Online Listing Show Under the GPSR?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/gpsr-online-listing-product-information)

## Granularity

**Source family:** DPP architecture / product-specific rule

The level at which a passport/identifier applies, such as model, batch or individual item.

**Context:** The required level can vary by product/regime.

**Common confusion:** Assuming item-level serialization for every DPP.

**Related:** Item-level identity · Serialisation · Unique Product Identifier

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [Model, Batch or Item Level for a Textile Passport](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/guides/granularity)

## Green Claims Directive

**Source family:** EU legislative procedure

A separate EU proposal on substantiating environmental claims, which has not followed the same path as the Empowering Consumers Directive.

**Common confusion:** Citing it as adopted law.

**Related:** Empowering Consumers Directive

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2023_85](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2023_85) **Full answer:** [What Actually Happened to the Green Claims Directive?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/status/green-claims-directive)

## GS1

**Source family:** Industry standards body

The standards organisation behind the identification keys, barcodes and data standards used across retail and supply chains.

**Context:** GS1 output is an industry standard. It becomes an EU legal requirement only where an applicable act or cited standard says so.

**Common confusion:** Reading a GS1 specification as EU law.

**Related:** GTIN · GS1 Digital Link · EPCIS

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/)

## GS1 Application Identifier

**Also used as:** GS1 Application Identifier; Application Identifier; AI code **Source family:** GS1 standard

A short numeric prefix that says what the data element after it means, such as a batch number, a serial number or an expiry date.

**Context:** Application Identifiers describe the structure of encoded data. They do not decide which fields a passport must carry.

**Common confusion:** Reading AI as artificial intelligence in a barcode context.

**Related:** GTIN · GS1 Digital Link

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/) **Full answer:** [GS1 Application Identifiers in a DPP: GTIN, Batch, Serial, Expiry, Variant](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/fields/gs1-application-identifiers-dpp)

## GS1 DataMatrix

**Source family:** GS1 standard

A two-dimensional barcode symbol carrying GS1 data, used where more data is needed than a linear barcode can hold.

**Common confusion:** Using Data Matrix and GS1 DataMatrix as the same thing.

**Related:** QR code · Data carrier · GS1 Application Identifier

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/guidelines/2d-in-retail/](https://ref.gs1.org/guidelines/2d-in-retail/) **Full answer:** [2D Product Identity Map: QR Code vs GS1 DataMatrix vs GS1 Digital Link](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/passport/2d-product-identity-map)

## GS1 Digital Link

**Also used as:** GS1 DL **Source family:** Industry standard

A GS1 standard family for expressing GS1 identifiers in web-addressable form and linking them to online information/services.

**Context:** Relevant implementation option; do not call it EU law unless an applicable legal/technical requirement supports that statement.

**Common confusion:** "GS1 Digital Link is mandated by ESPR".

**Related:** Resolver · GTIN · GS1 Application Identifier

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/) **Full answer:** [GS1 Digital Link: What It Is, What Resolves It and How It Carries a Passport](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/fields/gs1-digital-link)

## GTIN

**Also used as:** Global Trade Item Number **Source family:** GS1 identifier

A GS1 identification key for trade items.

**Context:** Whether it is the chosen/required DPP product identifier depends on the applicable system/rules.

**Common confusion:** Treating every UPI as automatically a GTIN.

**Related:** GS1 Digital Link · Unique Product Identifier · SKU

**Primary/official source:** [https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/gtin](https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/gtin) **Full answer:** [GS1 Application Identifiers in a DPP: GTIN, Batch, Serial, Expiry, Variant](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/fields/gs1-application-identifiers-dpp)

## Harmonised standard

**Also used as:** European harmonised standard **Source family:** EU standardisation

A European standard whose reference can be published in the Official Journal for the relevant EU legislation, potentially supporting presumption of conformity for covered requirements.

**Context:** Publication by CEN/CENELEC and OJ citation are distinct events.

**Common confusion:** Calling every EN standard "harmonised" before OJ citation.

**Related:** Presumption of conformity · Official Journal citation · CEN-CENELEC JTC 24

**Primary/official source:** [https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/european-standards/harmonised-standards/digital-product-passport-dpp_en](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/european-standards/harmonised-standards/digital-product-passport-dpp_en) **Full answer:** [Which Digital Product Passport standards carry a presumption of conformity?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/status/standards)

## Implementing act

**Also used as:** IA; implementing regulation; implementing decision **Source family:** EU law

A Commission act setting uniform conditions for implementing legally binding EU acts.

**Context:** Form and effect depend on the specific implementing act.

**Common confusion:** Treating every Commission implementation document as guidance.

**Related:** Delegated act · DPP Registry

**Primary/official source:** [https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/adopting-eu-law/implementing-and-delegated-acts_en](https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/adopting-eu-law/implementing-and-delegated-acts_en) **Full answer:** [How a DPP Requirement Moves from EU Planning to an Applicable Product Rule](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-dpp-requirements-take-effect)

## In force

**Also used as:** entry into force **Source family:** EU legal status

The legal act has entered into force under its own provisions.

**Context:** A provision can be in force before its obligations apply to businesses.

**Common confusion:** Assuming in force means immediate compliance deadline.

**Related:** Adopted · Applies

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/) **Full answer:** [How a DPP Requirement Moves from EU Planning to an Applicable Product Rule](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-dpp-requirements-take-effect)

## Indicative timeline

**Also used as:** indicative date; planned adoption **Source family:** Commission planning

A non-binding planning date or window that can change and remains subject to the relevant legal/publication process.

**Context:** Do not present as a compliance deadline.

**Common confusion:** Turning Working Plan/DPP hub years into fixed legal dates.

**Related:** Delegated act · JRC

**Primary/official source:** [https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport_en](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport_en) **Full answer:** [Digital Product Passport Timeline: What Applies When?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/timeline)

## Item-level identity

**Source family:** Product identity

Identity assigned to one physical unit, so that data can follow that unit rather than the model it belongs to.

**Context:** Item-level identity is what lets repair, resale and recall records attach to a specific unit.

**Common confusion:** Assuming every passport regime requires it.

**Related:** Granularity · Serialisation · Unique Product Identifier

**Full answer:** [When Does Lifecycle Data Need to Follow the Individual Product?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/guides/when-lifecycle-data-needs-item-level-identity)

## JRC

**Also used as:** Joint Research Centre **Source family:** EU institution

The European Commission's in-house science service, which runs the preparatory studies behind ecodesign and passport rules.

**Context:** A JRC study is strong evidence of direction. It is not an adopted rule.

**Common confusion:** Reading a preparatory study as a legal requirement.

**Related:** Indicative timeline · Delegated act

**Primary/official source:** [https://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/product-bureau/product-groups/642/register](https://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/product-bureau/product-groups/642/register)

## Last verified

**Also used as:** verification date **Source family:** ActivateDigital editorial governance

The date an ActivateDigital editor/reviewer genuinely checked the page's material current claims against the relevant primary/official sources.

**Context:** It is not the build date, publication date or source update date.

**Common confusion:** Using dateModified as proof the law was rechecked.

**Related:** Primary source · Source version

**Primary/official source:** [https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport_en](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport_en) **Full answer:** [How ActivateDigital Determines DPP Regulatory Status and Uses Sources](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/methodology)

## Legitimate interest

**Also used as:** legitimate-interest user **Source family:** Product-specific access rules

A legal/access concept used in certain DPP contexts to determine access beyond public data.

**Context:** Meaning and evidence requirements depend on the applicable act.

**Common confusion:** Treating it as a generic self-declared user role.

**Related:** Access rights · GDPR

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/) **Full answer:** [Which Battery Passport Data Is Public, Restricted or Limited to Legitimate-Interest Users?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/batteries/access-rights)

## Making available on the market

**Source family:** EU product law

Any supply of a product for distribution, consumption or use on the EU market in the course of a commercial activity.

**Context:** Every later sale of a unit is a making available. Only the first one is a placing.

**Common confusion:** Using the two phrases as synonyms.

**Related:** Placing on the market · Economic operator

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj) **Full answer:** [Who Needs a Digital Product Passport?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/who-carries-the-obligation)

## Market surveillance

**Source family:** EU product law

The activities and measures by which authorities check that products on the market meet the applicable requirements.

**Context:** Surveillance authorities act after a product is on the market, not before.

**Common confusion:** Treating registration as approval by an authority.

**Related:** Economic operator · Conformity assessment

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj) **Full answer:** [Who Checks DPP Information? Registry, Conformity and Market Surveillance](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/evidence/who-checks-dpp-information)

## Mass balance

**Source family:** Certification and evidence

A chain-of-custody model that accounts for specified characteristics across inputs and outputs within defined system boundaries and permits attribution according to the applicable rules. The allocation does not by itself prove atom-level content in a particular downstream item.

**Primary/official source:** [https://www.iso.org/standard/84427.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/84427.html)

## MDR

**Also used as:** Medical Device Regulation **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation for medical devices, which decides classification by intended purpose.

**Context:** Intended purpose, not the technology, decides whether a device falls in scope.

**Related:** Conformity assessment

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj) **Full answer:** [Is a Beauty Device a Cosmetic Product, Electronic Product or Medical Device?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/beauty-device-regulatory-classification)

## NFC

**Also used as:** Near Field Communication **Source family:** Implementation technology

A short-range wireless technology that can be used as a passport data carrier where the applicable rules allow it.

**Related:** Data carrier · QR code

**Full answer:** [QR, Data Matrix or NFC: Choosing a Lasting Carrier](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/passport/choosing-a-carrier-that-still-works)

## Official Journal citation

**Also used as:** OJ citation; OJEU citation **Source family:** EU standardisation/legal status

Publication in the Official Journal of a reference to a harmonised standard under the relevant legal framework.

**Context:** Check the exact implementing decision and reference/version.

**Common confusion:** Equating standards-body release with OJ citation.

**Related:** Harmonised standard · CELEX

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2026/1736/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2026/1736/oj) **Full answer:** [Which Digital Product Passport standards carry a presumption of conformity?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/status/standards)

## PIM

**Also used as:** Product Information Management **Source family:** Product data systems

A system for holding and publishing product marketing and specification data across channels.

**Context:** A PIM is a tool, not an obligation. Small catalogues can be governed without one.

**Common confusion:** Assuming passport readiness requires buying a PIM.

**Related:** ERP · PLM · System of record

**Full answer:** [How to Organise Product Data Without a PIM: A Small-Business Operating Model](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/product-data/small-business-without-pim)

## Placing on the market

**Source family:** EU product law

The first making available of a product on the EU market, which is the moment most product duties attach.

**Context:** It happens once per product, and it decides which rules that unit has to meet.

**Common confusion:** Confusing it with making available, which is every later supply.

**Related:** Making available on the market · Economic operator

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj) **Full answer:** [Who Needs a Digital Product Passport?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/who-carries-the-obligation)

## PLM

**Also used as:** Product Lifecycle Management **Source family:** Product data systems

The system that holds development and specification data from design through to production.

**Related:** PIM · ERP · System of record

**Full answer:** [Which System Should Own Each Product Fact?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/product-data/which-system-owns-each-fact)

## PPWR

**Also used as:** Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation **Source family:** EU law

The EU regulation on packaging and packaging waste, which sets its own labelling and information duties.

**Context:** Packaging duties are separate from the product's own passport duties.

**Common confusion:** Assuming one 2D code can satisfy packaging law and product law at once.

**Related:** Data carrier · QR code · EPR

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/40/oj) **Full answer:** [Does Packaging Need a DPP? PPWR QR Codes and the Single-Carrier Rule](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/packaging-ppwr)

## Presumption of conformity

**Also used as:** PoC **Source family:** EU product law / harmonised standards

A legal effect that may arise for requirements covered by cited harmonised standards when the conditions of the applicable law are met.

**Context:** It applies to covered requirements, not an automatic blanket certification of the product.

**Common confusion:** "Uses a harmonised standard" = fully compliant with all product law.

**Related:** Harmonised standard · Conformity assessment

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2026/1736/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2026/1736/oj) **Full answer:** [Which Digital Product Passport standards carry a presumption of conformity?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/status/standards)

## Primary source

**Also used as:** primary authority; official source **Source family:** ActivateDigital editorial governance

The strongest direct legal, official, standards-body or authoritative system source supporting the page's central current claim, labelled by source layer.

**Context:** "Primary" does not mean every source has equal legal status.

**Common confusion:** Calling industry guidance a legal authority.

**Related:** Last verified · CELEX · Source version

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/) **Full answer:** [How ActivateDigital Determines DPP Regulatory Status and Uses Sources](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/methodology)

## Proof of registration

**Also used as:** registration evidence **Source family:** DPP Registry / legal status

Evidence that a required registration step has been completed in the DPP Registry.

**Context:** Registration/Registry identifier is not, by itself, proof that the product complies with all applicable EU law.

**Common confusion:** Treating Registry response as a compliance certificate.

**Related:** DPP Registry · Unique Registration Identifier

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [DPP Proof of Registration: What It Actually Proves](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/evidence/proof-of-registration)

## Provenance

**Source family:** ActivateDigital editorial governance

The recorded origin and history of a defined product, material, fact or evidence object. Provenance is about where the subject came from and what history is attached to it; it is not automatically a complete event-by-event trace.

## QR code

**Also used as:** 2D barcode **Source family:** Implementation technology

A two-dimensional barcode that can be used as a DPP data carrier where the applicable rules allow or require it.

**Context:** QR-specific print/size rules are not automatically universal ESPR rules.

**Common confusion:** Treating vendor/GS1 print guidance as EU law.

**Related:** Data carrier · GS1 DataMatrix

**Primary/official source:** [https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport/explore-our-faqs_en](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport/explore-our-faqs_en) **Full answer:** [2D Product Identity Map: QR Code vs GS1 DataMatrix vs GS1 Digital Link](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/passport/2d-product-identity-map)

## REACH

**Also used as:** Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals **Source family:** EU law

The EU chemicals regulation that governs registration of substances and the duty to communicate substances of very high concern in articles.

**Context:** REACH Article 33 is the duty that sits behind a SCIP notification.

**Common confusion:** Assuming a passport discharges a REACH communication duty.

**Related:** SCIP · ECHA · CLP

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1907/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2006/1907/oj)

## RED

**Also used as:** Radio Equipment Directive **Source family:** EU law

The EU directive for radio equipment, which applies to anything that transmits or receives radio waves.

**Common confusion:** RED is also an ordinary English word, so it is never matched automatically.

**Related:** CRA

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/53/oj/eng](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2014/53/oj/eng) **Full answer:** [Connected Toys: Toy, Radio Product, Cyber Product or Several at Once?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/connected-toy-regulatory-classification)

## Resolver

**Also used as:** link resolver; Digital Link resolver **Source family:** Web/DPP implementation

A service that maps an identifier or web-addressable identifier to one or more relevant information resources/services.

**Context:** Resolver behaviour is technical architecture, not itself proof of legal compliance.

**Common confusion:** Confusing resolver, Registry and DPP host.

**Related:** GS1 Digital Link · URI

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/) **Full answer:** [GS1 Digital Link: What It Is, What Resolves It and How It Carries a Passport](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/fields/gs1-digital-link)

## Right to repair

**Source family:** EU law

The EU directive promoting repair of goods, which adds duties about repair information and availability.

**Related:** Digital Product Passport

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1799/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/1799/oj) **Full answer:** [EU Right to Repair Directive: What Businesses Need to Do After 31 July 2026](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/right-to-repair)

## SCIP

**Also used as:** Substances of Concern In articles as such or in complex objects (Products) **Source family:** ECHA / Waste Framework Directive system

ECHA database for information on substances of concern in articles under the applicable legal framework.

**Context:** It is separate from DPP and has its own data/operational rules.

**Common confusion:** Assuming DPP automatically replaces SCIP or that all SCIP data becomes public DPP data.

**Related:** REACH · ECHA · Digital Product Passport

**Primary/official source:** [https://echa.europa.eu/scip-database](https://echa.europa.eu/scip-database) **Full answer:** [DPP vs SCIP: Does a Digital Product Passport Replace a SCIP Notification?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/dpp-vs-scip)

## SDS

**Also used as:** Safety data sheet **Source family:** EU chemicals law

The structured document that communicates hazard, handling and exposure information for a substance or mixture.

**Context:** An SDS has a defined legal audience and format. A passport does not replace it.

**Common confusion:** Assuming passport ingredient data discharges the SDS duty.

**Related:** REACH · CLP

**Primary/official source:** [https://echa.europa.eu/safety-data-sheets](https://echa.europa.eu/safety-data-sheets) **Full answer:** [Does a Detergent Digital Product Passport Replace a Safety Data Sheet?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/detergents/dpp-vs-sds)

## Serialisation

**Source family:** Product identity

Giving each individual unit its own serial number so that it can be told apart from identical units.

**Related:** Item-level identity · Granularity

**Full answer:** [When Does Lifecycle Data Need to Follow the Individual Product?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/guides/when-lifecycle-data-needs-item-level-identity)

## SKU

**Also used as:** Stock Keeping Unit **Source family:** Commercial product data

A seller's own code for a distinct sellable item, set by the business rather than by any standard.

**Context:** An SKU is internal. It carries no meaning outside the business that issued it.

**Common confusion:** Using an SKU where a GTIN or a regulated product identifier is required.

**Related:** GTIN · Unique Product Identifier · Granularity

**Full answer:** [Which Product Facts Belong at Model, Variant and SKU Level?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/product-data/model-variant-sku-facts)

## Source version

**Also used as:** document version; source update date **Source family:** ActivateDigital editorial governance

The exact version/publication metadata of a versioned dependency, recorded separately from the host page's own update date where those differ.

**Context:** Not every source has a version number; for laws use legal status/amendment/consolidation information instead.

**Common confusion:** Collapsing a PDF version and Commission web-page update date into one ambiguous date.

**Related:** Primary source · CELEX

**Primary/official source:** [https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport_en](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport_en) **Full answer:** [How ActivateDigital Determines DPP Regulatory Status and Uses Sources](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/methodology)

## Supply-chain mapping

**Source family:** Government research

A structured view of the organisations, sites, roles and flows that make up a supply chain. It shows who and what is connected without necessarily establishing the history of a particular product or lot.

**Primary/official source:** [https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/enhancing-resilience-through-traceability_a898687d-en.html](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/enhancing-resilience-through-traceability_a898687d-en.html)

## System of record

**Source family:** Product data architecture

The one system that holds the authoritative value for a given fact, which every other system copies rather than edits.

**Context:** A fact with two systems of record has none.

**Common confusion:** Calling the system people look at the system of record.

**Related:** PIM · ERP · PLM

**Full answer:** [Which System Should Own Each Product Fact?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/product-data/which-system-owns-each-fact)

## Traceability

**Source family:** GS1 standard

The ability to follow an identified product, material or other defined object through relevant stages or events using linked records. The required depth and granularity depend on the question being answered or the applicable rule.

**Context:** Traceability is about following the object. Transparency is about publishing what you know.

**Common confusion:** Using traceability and transparency as the same word.

**Related:** EPCIS · Chain of custody

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/global-traceability/2.0.0/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/global-traceability/2.0.0/) **Full answer:** [What Do EPCIS Events Add to Product Master Data?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/product-data/epcis-events-vs-product-master-data)

## Unique Product Identifier

**Also used as:** UPI; product identifier **Source family:** ESPR / DPP standards

A unique identifier used to identify the product at the granularity required by the applicable DPP rules.

**Context:** Do not assume a specific identifier scheme without the applicable rule/standard.

**Common confusion:** Equating UPI automatically with GTIN in every regime.

**Related:** GTIN · Granularity · UOI

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [Barcodes and Product Identifiers: What You Need](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/fields/identifiers)

## Unique Registration Identifier

**Also used as:** Registry URI; registration identifier **Source family:** Registry Implementing Regulation

An identifier communicated by the DPP Registry after required registration data is uploaded for a specific product registration.

**Context:** Do not confuse with the public web URL or product identifier.

**Common confusion:** URI can mean Uniform Resource Identifier in web standards, so context matters.

**Related:** DPP Registry · URI · Proof of registration

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2026/1778/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2026/1778/oj) **Full answer:** [How to Register a DPP in the EU Registry, and What Happens After Submission](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-to-register-a-dpp-eu-registry)

## UOI

**Also used as:** Unique Operator Identifier **Source family:** ESPR / DPP standards

The identifier for the economic operator responsible for a product, recorded alongside the operator's name and address.

**Common confusion:** Confusing the operator identifier with the product identifier.

**Related:** Unique Product Identifier · Unique Registration Identifier · Economic operator

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) **Full answer:** [Who Needs a Digital Product Passport?](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/who-carries-the-obligation)

## URI

**Also used as:** Uniform Resource Identifier **Source family:** Web standard

The web standard string that identifies a resource, which is also what a GS1 Digital Link produces.

**Context:** In DPP Registry material URI can also mean Unique Registration Identifier, so this term is never matched automatically.

**Related:** GS1 Digital Link · Unique Registration Identifier

**Primary/official source:** [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/uri-syntax/1.7.0/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/uri-syntax/1.7.0/) **Full answer:** [GS1 Digital Link: What It Is, What Resolves It and How It Carries a Passport](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/fields/gs1-digital-link)

## Visibility

**Source family:** ActivateDigital editorial governance

The ability to access relevant information about products, materials, organisations, sites or events within a defined part of the supply chain. Visibility can be partial and does not by itself prove provenance, traceability or a product claim.

## WEEE

**Also used as:** Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive **Source family:** EU law

The EU directive on waste electrical and electronic equipment, with national registration and reporting duties for producers.

**Context:** WEEE registration is national, so the obligation sits in each member state.

**Common confusion:** Assuming an EU-level WEEE registration exists.

**Related:** EPR

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/19/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2012/19/oj)

## What would change this page

**Also used as:** review trigger; watch trigger **Source family:** ActivateDigital editorial governance

A named official event or source change that would require the page's current conclusion to be checked.

**Context:** Must be specific enough to monitor.

**Common confusion:** Vague "we are watching regulation" copy.

**Related:** Last verified · Primary source

**Primary/official source:** [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/help/my-eurlex/my-rss-feeds.html?locale=en](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/help/my-eurlex/my-rss-feeds.html?locale=en) **Full answer:** [How ActivateDigital Determines DPP Regulatory Status and Uses Sources](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/digital-product-passport/methodology)

## Keep exploring

**Next question:** how does a term on this page become an obligation for a product?

- [Another angleNext questionWhen Does a DPP Requirement Apply? Working Plan to Product Rule→](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/regulation/how-dpp-requirements-take-effect)
- [Evidence behind thisNext questionDPP Claims Audit: What Is Actually Established?→](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/status/dpp-claims-audit)
- [Another angleNext questionDigital Product Passport Regulatory Change Log→](https://activatedigital.ai/knowledge/status/dpp-regulatory-change-log)

## Primary sources

- [EUR-Lex, Regulation (EU) 2024/1781 (ESPR)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1781/oj) EU law
- [EUR-Lex, the official EU law database](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/)
- [https://www.iso.org/standard/84426.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/84426.html)
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/956/) EU law
- [CEN-CENELEC, DPP standards/JTC 24 overview - 15 July 2026](https://www.cencenelec.eu/news-events/news/2026/en-in-the-spotlight/2026-07-15-dpp/) Standards body
- [https://www.iso.org/standard/72532.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/72532.html)
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/1272/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2008/1272/oj) EU law
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/3110/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/3110/oj) EU law
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj/eng](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2847/oj/eng) EU law
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1252/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1252/oj) EU law
- [European Commission, DPP FAQs](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport/explore-our-faqs_en) European Commission
- [European Commission, Implementing and delegated acts](https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/adopting-eu-law/implementing-and-delegated-acts_en) European Commission
- [EUR-Lex, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/1778](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_impl/2026/1778/oj) Delegated or implementing act
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1115](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/1115) EU law
- [ECHA, SCIP Database](https://echa.europa.eu/scip-database) Official guidance
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj) EU law
- [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/epcis/2.0.1/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/epcis/2.0.1/)
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2025/1892/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2025/1892/oj) EU law
- [European Commission, EPREL](https://energy-efficient-products.ec.europa.eu/eprel_en) European Commission
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504) EU law
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2023/988/oj) EU law
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2023_85](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/procedure/EN/2023_85)
- [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/genspecs/) Standards body
- [https://ref.gs1.org/guidelines/2d-in-retail/](https://ref.gs1.org/guidelines/2d-in-retail/) Standards body
- [GS1, GS1 Digital Link standards repository](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/) Standards body
- [GS1, Global Trade Item Number (GTIN)](https://www.gs1.org/standards/id-keys/gtin) Standards body
- [European Commission, Harmonised standards - DPP](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/goods/european-standards/harmonised-standards/digital-product-passport-dpp_en) European Commission
- [European Commission, Digital Product Passport hub](https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/single-market/digital-product-passport_en) European Commission
- [https://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/product-bureau/product-groups/642/register](https://susproc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/product-bureau/product-groups/642/register) Official study
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2019/1020/oj) EU law
- [https://www.iso.org/standard/84427.html](https://www.iso.org/standard/84427.html)
- [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/oj) EU law
- [EUR-Lex, Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2026/1736](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2026/1736/oj) Delegated or implementing act
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- [https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/enhancing-resilience-through-traceability_a898687d-en.html](https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/enhancing-resilience-through-traceability_a898687d-en.html)
- [https://ref.gs1.org/standards/global-traceability/2.0.0/](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/global-traceability/2.0.0/)
- [GS1, GS1 Digital Link URI Syntax 1.7.0](https://ref.gs1.org/standards/digital-link/uri-syntax/1.7.0/) Standards body
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- [EUR-Lex, My RSS alerts help](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/help/my-eurlex/my-rss-feeds.html?locale=en)